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Circle of Courage
9-06-2016
In the last column, we realized that the new curriculum being used in BC schools has a revitalizing emphasis on First Nations inclusion. We saw that learning from a First Nations’ perspective is multifaceted and takes into account things like the recognition of generational roles and responsibilities; the exploration of identity; and that true learning leads towards the well-being of self and others. Learning is seen as holistic and not simply an academic undertaking. Learning is life.
In addition to looking at learning from a First Nation’s perspective, many schools are also incorporating traditional indigenous peoples ways of relating to each other in order to build more positive and supportive school communities. One of the most well-known approaches is the Circle of Courage model created by Larry Brendtro, Martin Brokenleg, and Steve Van Bockern.
Circle of Courage integrates traditional Native American philosophies of child-raising with modern research in resiliency and child-development. The authors draw upon a rich heritage to discover what fortifies a person’s ability to act courageously. What gives us the strength we need to face our fears, big and small? What does it take believe that we can get through the difficulties and not be overcome by them? Why do some people persevere while others give up? What supports and sustains us? What gives us courage?
To help make sense of where courage comes from, the model’s creators turn to what they consider four universal needs: belonging, mastery, independence, and generosity. When we feel “filled up” in these four areas we have a sturdy and secure base from which to tackle adversity and act courageously.
As the name suggests, Circle of Courage uses the traditional concept of a medicine wheel, which represents health, healing, and the cycle of life. The wheel is divided into four sections – each one equally important. Belonging, master, independence, generosity must all develop in harmony or you will be lopsided and wobbly. While the four dimensions can be described individually, they must be viewed as one interconnected way of being.
Belonging is based upon mutual trust and respect. It’s the idea that you have a place where you are wanted, encouraged to be your best self, and challenged to grow to your fullest potential. Feeling needed and appreciated for who you are, not who you have to pretend to be in order for people to like you, gives a sense of validation and peace
Mastery begins with competence and builds to confidence. Mastery does not mean you have to be perfect. It only means you have to be willing to try even though you may fail. In traditional First Nation’s cultures, children were taught to carefully observe and listen to their elders. Modeling and mentoring were used to gradually release responsibility to the child. Each person humbly worked towards mastery for personal growth and satisfaction in a job well done - not to show superiority over someone else or to brag about accomplishments. Knowing you are capable makes you feel confident, which can be an incredibly powerful motivating force propelling you to do even more.
Independence is the balance between individual needs and wants and the consequences of behavior. Independence is inner discipline and personal responsibility. You don’t rely on others to do things for you that you are capable of doing yourself. Nevertheless, you still belong in the group and care about them as they care about you, so you make choices that benefit all – taking into account both short-term and long-term goals. By giving children informed choices, letting them make personal decisions that are age appropriate, and allowing them to problem solve without dictating how things should be done, we are building independence while reassuringly walking along side of them.
Generosity and selflessness were considered the highest of virtues among First Nation peoples. Self-esteem and self-worth increase when we see that our actions are beneficial and appreciated. In helping others, we validate our own sense of worthiness and find purpose. When someone feels the need to guard themselves, to be self-centered and small-hearted, this section of the Circle of Courage is under-developed. The best solution is to have them reconnect with the feeling of warmth and happiness that comes from making someone else’s day better without expecting anything in return.
As you can see, Circle of Courage isn’t about being brave in the face of danger. It’s about having a shared set of values within a community based on belonging, mastery, independence, and generosity that encourages each person to live a balanced life full of purpose. Something we all can aspire to.
Zainab Dhanani can be reached at z_dhanani@yahoo.ca
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